Csla/ReadOnlyBase.cs

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//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="ReadOnlyBase.cs" company="Marimer LLC">
//     Copyright (c) Marimer LLC. All rights reserved.
//     Website: https://cslanet.com
// </copyright>
// <summary>This is a base class from which readonly business classes</summary>
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Csla.Core;
using Csla.Core.FieldManager;
using Csla.Core.LoadManager;
using Csla.Properties;
using Csla.Reflection;
using Csla.Rules;
using Csla.Security;
using Csla.Serialization.Mobile;
using Csla.Server;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 
namespace Csla
{
  [Serializable()]
  public abstract class ReadOnlyBase<T> : BindableBase,
    ICloneable,
    IReadOnlyObject,
    ISerializationNotification,
    IAuthorizeReadWrite,
    IDataPortalTarget,
    IManageProperties,
    INotifyBusy,
    IHostRules,
    IReadOnlyBase
    where T : ReadOnlyBase<T>
  {
    #region Object ID Value
 
    protected virtual object GetIdValue()
    {
      return null;
    }
 
    #endregion
 
    #region System.Object Overrides
 
    public override string ToString()
    {
      object id = GetIdValue();
      if (id == null)
        return base.ToString();
      else
        return id.ToString();
    }
 
    #endregion
 
    protected ReadOnlyBase()
    {
      Initialize();
      InitializeBusinessRules();
    }
 
    #region Initialize
 
    protected virtual void Initialize()
    { /* allows subclass to initialize events before any other activity occurs */ }
 
    #endregion
 
    #region Identity
 
    int IBusinessObject.Identity
    {
      get { return 0; }
    }
 
    #endregion
 
    #region Authorization
 
    [NotUndoable()]
    [NonSerialized()]
    private ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool> _readResultCache;
    [NotUndoable()]
    [NonSerialized()]
    private ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool> _executeResultCache;
    [NotUndoable()]
    [NonSerialized()]
    private System.Security.Principal.IPrincipal _lastPrincipal;
 
    private void InitializeBusinessRules()
    {
      var rules = BusinessRuleManager.GetRulesForType(this.GetType());
      if (!rules.Initialized)
        lock (rules)
          if (!rules.Initialized)
          {
            try
            {
              AddBusinessRules();
              rules.Initialized = true;
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
              BusinessRuleManager.CleanupRulesForType(this.GetType());
              throw;  // and rethrow exception
            }
          }
    }
 
    private Csla.Rules.BusinessRules _businessRules;
 
    protected BusinessRules BusinessRules
    {
      get
      {
        if (_businessRules == null)
          _businessRules = new BusinessRules(this);
        else if (_businessRules.Target == null)
          _businessRules.SetTarget(this);
        return _businessRules;
      }
    }
 
    void IHostRules.RuleStart(IPropertyInfo property)
    { }
 
    void IHostRules.RuleComplete(IPropertyInfo property)
    { }
 
    void IHostRules.RuleComplete(string property)
    { }
 
    void Rules.IHostRules.AllRulesComplete()
    { }
 
    protected virtual void AddBusinessRules()
    { }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    public virtual bool CanReadProperty(Csla.Core.IPropertyInfo property)
    {
      bool result = true;
 
      VerifyAuthorizationCache();
 
      if (!_readResultCache.TryGetValue(property.Name, out result))
      {
        result = BusinessRules.HasPermission(AuthorizationActions.ReadProperty, property);
        // store value in cache
        _readResultCache.AddOrUpdate(property.Name, result, (a, b) => { return result; });
      }
      return result;
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    public bool CanReadProperty(Csla.Core.IPropertyInfo property, bool throwOnFalse)
    {
      bool result = CanReadProperty(property);
      if (throwOnFalse && result == false)
      {
        Csla.Security.SecurityException ex = new Csla.Security.SecurityException(
          String.Format("{0} ({1})",
          Resources.PropertyGetNotAllowed, property.Name));
        throw ex;
      }
      return result;
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    public bool CanReadProperty(string propertyName)
    {
      return CanReadProperty(propertyName, false);
    }
 
    private bool CanReadProperty(string propertyName, bool throwOnFalse)
    {
      var propertyInfo = FieldManager.GetRegisteredProperties().FirstOrDefault(p => p.Name == propertyName);
      if (propertyInfo == null)
      {
#if NETFX_CORE || (ANDROID || IOS)
#else
        Trace.TraceError("CanReadProperty: {0} is not a registered property of {1}.{2}", propertyName, this.GetType().Namespace, this.GetType().Name);
#endif
        return true;
      }
      return CanReadProperty(propertyInfo, throwOnFalse);
    }
 
    bool Csla.Security.IAuthorizeReadWrite.CanWriteProperty(string propertyName)
    {
      return false;
    }
 
    bool Csla.Security.IAuthorizeReadWrite.CanWriteProperty(IPropertyInfo property)
    {
      return false;
    }
 
    private void VerifyAuthorizationCache()
    {
      if (_readResultCache == null)
        _readResultCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool>();
      if (_executeResultCache == null)
        _executeResultCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool>();
      if (!ReferenceEquals(Csla.ApplicationContext.User, _lastPrincipal))
      {
        // the principal has changed - reset the cache
        _readResultCache.Clear();
        _executeResultCache.Clear();
        _lastPrincipal = Csla.ApplicationContext.User;
      }
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    public virtual bool CanExecuteMethod(Csla.Core.IMemberInfo method)
    {
      bool result = true;
 
      VerifyAuthorizationCache();
 
      if (!_executeResultCache.TryGetValue(method.Name, out result))
      {
        result = BusinessRules.HasPermission(AuthorizationActions.ExecuteMethod, method);
        _executeResultCache.AddOrUpdate(method.Name, result, (a, b) => { return result; });
      }
      return result;
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    public bool CanExecuteMethod(Csla.Core.IMemberInfo method, bool throwOnFalse)
    {
 
      bool result = CanExecuteMethod(method);
      if (throwOnFalse && result == false)
      {
        Csla.Security.SecurityException ex =
          new Csla.Security.SecurityException(string.Format("{0} ({1})", Properties.Resources.MethodExecuteNotAllowed, method.Name));
        throw ex;
      }
      return result;
 
    }
 
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    public virtual bool CanExecuteMethod(string methodName)
    {
      return CanExecuteMethod(methodName, false);
    }
 
    private bool CanExecuteMethod(string methodName, bool throwOnFalse)
    {
 
      bool result = CanExecuteMethod(new MethodInfo(methodName));
      if (throwOnFalse && result == false)
      {
        Csla.Security.SecurityException ex = new Csla.Security.SecurityException(string.Format("{0} ({1})", Properties.Resources.MethodExecuteNotAllowed, methodName));
        throw ex;
      }
      return result;
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region IClonable
 
    object ICloneable.Clone()
    {
      return GetClone();
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    public virtual object GetClone()
    {
      return Core.ObjectCloner.Clone(this);
    }
 
    public T Clone()
    {
      return (T)GetClone();
    }
#endregion
 
#region Data Access
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "criteria")]
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1822:MarkMembersAsStatic")]
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")]
    private void DataPortal_Create(object criteria)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException(Resources.CreateNotSupportedException);
    }
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1822:MarkMembersAsStatic")]
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")]
    private void DataPortal_Update()
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException(Resources.UpdateNotSupportedException);
    }
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "criteria")]
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1822:MarkMembersAsStatic")]
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")]
    [Delete]
        private void DataPortal_Delete(object criteria)
    {
      throw new NotSupportedException(Resources.DeleteNotSupportedException);
    }
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1707:IdentifiersShouldNotContainUnderscores", MessageId = "Member")]
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void DataPortal_OnDataPortalInvoke(DataPortalEventArgs e)
    {
 
    }
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1707:IdentifiersShouldNotContainUnderscores", MessageId = "Member")]
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void DataPortal_OnDataPortalInvokeComplete(DataPortalEventArgs e)
    {
 
    }
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1707:IdentifiersShouldNotContainUnderscores", MessageId = "Member")]
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void DataPortal_OnDataPortalException(DataPortalEventArgs e, Exception ex)
    {
 
    }
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1707:IdentifiersShouldNotContainUnderscores", MessageId = "Member")]
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void Child_OnDataPortalInvoke(DataPortalEventArgs e)
    {
    }
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1707:IdentifiersShouldNotContainUnderscores", MessageId = "Member")]
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void Child_OnDataPortalInvokeComplete(DataPortalEventArgs e)
    {
    }
 
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1707:IdentifiersShouldNotContainUnderscores", MessageId = "Member")]
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void Child_OnDataPortalException(DataPortalEventArgs e, Exception ex)
    {
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region Serialization Notification
 
    void ISerializationNotification.Deserialized()
    {
      OnDeserializedHandler(new System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext());
    }
 
    [System.Runtime.Serialization.OnDeserialized()]
    private void OnDeserializedHandler(System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context)
    {
      if (_fieldManager != null)
        FieldManager.SetPropertyList(this.GetType());
      InitializeBusinessRules();
      OnDeserialized(context);
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void OnDeserialized(System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context)
    {
      // do nothing - this is here so a subclass
      // could override if needed
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region  Register Properties
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(Type objectType, PropertyInfo<P> info)
    {
      return Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoManager.RegisterProperty<P>(objectType, info);
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> info)
    {
      return Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoManager.RegisterProperty<P>(typeof(T), info);
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(string propertyName)
    {
      return RegisterProperty(Csla.Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoFactory.Factory.Create<P>(typeof(T), propertyName));
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(Expression<Func<T, object>> propertyLambdaExpression)
    {
      PropertyInfo reflectedPropertyInfo = Reflect<T>.GetProperty(propertyLambdaExpression);
      return RegisterProperty<P>(reflectedPropertyInfo.Name);
    }
 
    [Obsolete]
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(Expression<Func<T, object>> propertyLambdaExpression, P defaultValue)
    {
      PropertyInfo reflectedPropertyInfo = Reflect<T>.GetProperty(propertyLambdaExpression);
 
      return RegisterProperty(Csla.Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoFactory.Factory.Create<P>(typeof(T), reflectedPropertyInfo.Name, reflectedPropertyInfo.Name, defaultValue));
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(string propertyName, string friendlyName)
    {
      return RegisterProperty(Csla.Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoFactory.Factory.Create<P>(typeof(T), propertyName, friendlyName));
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(Expression<Func<T, object>> propertyLambdaExpression, string friendlyName)
    {
      PropertyInfo reflectedPropertyInfo = Reflect<T>.GetProperty(propertyLambdaExpression);
      return RegisterProperty<P>(reflectedPropertyInfo.Name, friendlyName);
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(string propertyName, string friendlyName, P defaultValue)
    {
      return RegisterProperty(Csla.Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoFactory.Factory.Create<P>(typeof(T), propertyName, friendlyName, defaultValue));
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(Expression<Func<T, object>> propertyLambdaExpression, string friendlyName, P defaultValue)
    {
      PropertyInfo reflectedPropertyInfo = Reflect<T>.GetProperty(propertyLambdaExpression);
      return RegisterProperty<P>(reflectedPropertyInfo.Name, friendlyName, defaultValue);
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(string propertyName, RelationshipTypes relationship)
    {
      return RegisterProperty(Csla.Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoFactory.Factory.Create<P>(typeof(T), propertyName, string.Empty, relationship));
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(Expression<Func<T, object>> propertyLambdaExpression, RelationshipTypes relationship)
    {
      PropertyInfo reflectedPropertyInfo = Reflect<T>.GetProperty(propertyLambdaExpression);
      return RegisterProperty<P>(reflectedPropertyInfo.Name, relationship);
    }
 
    [Obsolete]
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(Expression<Func<T, object>> propertyLambdaExpression, string friendlyName, RelationshipTypes relationship)
    {
      PropertyInfo reflectedPropertyInfo = Reflect<T>.GetProperty(propertyLambdaExpression);
 
      return RegisterProperty(Csla.Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoFactory.Factory.Create<P>(typeof(T), reflectedPropertyInfo.Name, friendlyName, relationship));
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(string propertyName, string friendlyName, P defaultValue, RelationshipTypes relationship)
    {
      return RegisterProperty(Csla.Core.FieldManager.PropertyInfoFactory.Factory.Create<P>(typeof(T), propertyName, friendlyName, defaultValue, relationship));
    }
 
    protected static PropertyInfo<P> RegisterProperty<P>(Expression<Func<T, object>> propertyLambdaExpression, string friendlyName, P defaultValue, RelationshipTypes relationship)
    {
      PropertyInfo reflectedPropertyInfo = Reflect<T>.GetProperty(propertyLambdaExpression);
      return RegisterProperty<P>(reflectedPropertyInfo.Name, friendlyName, defaultValue, relationship);
    }
    #endregion
 
    #region Register Methods
 
    protected static Csla.Core.IMemberInfo RegisterMethod(Type objectType, IMemberInfo info)
    {
      var reflected = objectType.GetMethod(info.Name);
      if (reflected == null)
        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format(Resources.NoSuchMethod, info.Name), "info");
      return info;
    }
 
    protected static MethodInfo RegisterMethod(Type objectType, string methodName)
    {
      var info = new MethodInfo(methodName);
      RegisterMethod(objectType, info);
      return info;
    }
 
    protected static MethodInfo RegisterMethod(string methodName)
    {
      return RegisterMethod(typeof(T), methodName);
    }
 
    protected static MethodInfo RegisterMethod(Expression<Action<T>> methodLambdaExpression)
    {
      System.Reflection.MethodInfo reflectedMethodInfo = Reflect<T>.GetMethod(methodLambdaExpression);
      return RegisterMethod(reflectedMethodInfo.Name);
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region  Get Properties
 
    protected P GetProperty<P>(string propertyName, P field, P defaultValue)
    {
      return GetProperty<P>(propertyName, field, defaultValue, Security.NoAccessBehavior.SuppressException);
    }
 
    protected P GetProperty<P>(string propertyName, P field, P defaultValue, Security.NoAccessBehavior noAccess)
    {
#region Check to see if the property is marked with RelationshipTypes.PrivateField
 
      var propertyInfo = FieldManager.GetRegisteredProperty(propertyName);
 
      if ((propertyInfo.RelationshipType & RelationshipTypes.PrivateField) != RelationshipTypes.PrivateField)
        throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.PrivateFieldException);
 
#endregion
 
      if (CanReadProperty(propertyInfo, noAccess == Csla.Security.NoAccessBehavior.ThrowException))
        return field;
 
      return defaultValue;
    }
 
    protected P GetProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, P field)
    {
      return GetProperty<P>(propertyInfo.Name, field, propertyInfo.DefaultValue, Security.NoAccessBehavior.SuppressException);
    }
 
    protected P GetProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, P field, P defaultValue, Security.NoAccessBehavior noAccess)
    {
      return GetProperty<P>(propertyInfo.Name, field, defaultValue, noAccess);
    }
 
    protected P LazyGetProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> property, Func<P> valueGenerator)
    {
      if (!(FieldManager.FieldExists(property)))
      {
        var result = valueGenerator();
        LoadProperty(property, result);
      }
      return GetProperty<P>(property);
    }
 
    private List<Csla.Core.IPropertyInfo> _lazyLoadingProperties = new List<Csla.Core.IPropertyInfo>();
 
    protected P LazyGetPropertyAsync<P>(PropertyInfo<P> property, Task<P> factory)
    {
      if (!(FieldManager.FieldExists(property)) && !_lazyLoadingProperties.Contains(property))
      {
        _lazyLoadingProperties.Add(property);
        LoadPropertyAsync(property, factory);
      }
      return GetProperty<P>(property);
    }
 
    protected P GetPropertyConvert<F, P>(PropertyInfo<F> propertyInfo, F field)
    {
      return Utilities.CoerceValue<P>(typeof(F), null, GetProperty<F>(propertyInfo.Name, field, propertyInfo.DefaultValue, Security.NoAccessBehavior.SuppressException));
    }
 
    protected P GetPropertyConvert<F, P>(PropertyInfo<F> propertyInfo, F field, Security.NoAccessBehavior noAccess)
    {
      return Utilities.CoerceValue<P>(typeof(F), null, GetProperty<F>(propertyInfo.Name, field, propertyInfo.DefaultValue, noAccess));
    }
 
    protected P GetProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo)
    {
      return GetProperty<P>(propertyInfo, Security.NoAccessBehavior.SuppressException);
    }
 
    protected P GetPropertyConvert<F, P>(PropertyInfo<F> propertyInfo)
    {
      return Utilities.CoerceValue<P>(typeof(F), null, GetProperty<F>(propertyInfo, Security.NoAccessBehavior.SuppressException));
    }
 
    protected P GetPropertyConvert<F, P>(PropertyInfo<F> propertyInfo, Security.NoAccessBehavior noAccess)
    {
      return Utilities.CoerceValue<P>(typeof(F), null, GetProperty<F>(propertyInfo, noAccess));
    }
 
    protected P GetProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, Security.NoAccessBehavior noAccess)
    {
      P result = default(P);
      if (CanReadProperty(propertyInfo, noAccess == Csla.Security.NoAccessBehavior.ThrowException))
        result = ReadProperty<P>(propertyInfo);
      else
        result = propertyInfo.DefaultValue;
      return result;
    }
 
    protected object GetProperty(IPropertyInfo propertyInfo)
    {
      object result = null;
      if (CanReadProperty(propertyInfo, false))
      {
        // call ReadProperty (may be overloaded in actual class)
        result = ReadProperty(propertyInfo);
      }
      else
      {
        result = propertyInfo.DefaultValue;
      }
      return result;
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region  Read Properties
 
    protected P ReadPropertyConvert<F, P>(PropertyInfo<F> propertyInfo)
    {
      return Utilities.CoerceValue<P>(typeof(F), null, ReadProperty<F>(propertyInfo));
    }
 
    protected P ReadProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo)
    {
      P result = default(P);
      IFieldData data = FieldManager.GetFieldData(propertyInfo);
      if (data != null)
      {
        IFieldData<P> fd = data as IFieldData<P>;
        if (fd != null)
          result = fd.Value;
        else
          result = (P)data.Value;
      }
      else
      {
        result = propertyInfo.DefaultValue;
        FieldManager.LoadFieldData<P>(propertyInfo, result);
      }
      return result;
    }
 
    protected virtual object ReadProperty(IPropertyInfo propertyInfo)
    {
      if ((propertyInfo.RelationshipType & RelationshipTypes.PrivateField) == RelationshipTypes.PrivateField)
      {
        return MethodCaller.CallPropertyGetter(this, propertyInfo.Name);
      }
 
      object result = null;
      var info = FieldManager.GetFieldData(propertyInfo);
      if (info != null)
      {
        result = info.Value;
      }
      else
      {
        result = propertyInfo.DefaultValue;
        FieldManager.LoadFieldData(propertyInfo, result);
      }
      return result;
    }
 
    protected P LazyReadProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> property, Func<P> valueGenerator)
    {
      if (!(FieldManager.FieldExists(property)))
      {
        var result = valueGenerator();
        LoadProperty(property, result);
      }
      return ReadProperty<P>(property);
    }
 
    protected P LazyReadPropertyAsync<P>(PropertyInfo<P> property, Task<P> factory)
    {
      if (!(FieldManager.FieldExists(property)) && !_lazyLoadingProperties.Contains(property))
      {
        _lazyLoadingProperties.Add(property);
        LoadPropertyAsync(property, factory);
      }
      return ReadProperty<P>(property);
    }
 
    P IManageProperties.LazyReadProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, Func<P> valueGenerator)
    {
      return LazyReadProperty(propertyInfo, valueGenerator);
    }
 
    P IManageProperties.LazyReadPropertyAsync<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, Task<P> factory)
    {
      return LazyReadPropertyAsync(propertyInfo, factory);
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region  Load Properties
 
    protected void LoadPropertyConvert<P, F>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, F newValue)
    {
      try
      {
        P oldValue = default(P);
        var fieldData = FieldManager.GetFieldData(propertyInfo);
        if (fieldData == null)
        {
          oldValue = propertyInfo.DefaultValue;
          fieldData = FieldManager.LoadFieldData(propertyInfo, oldValue);
        }
        else
        {
          oldValue = (P)fieldData.Value;
        }
 
        if (oldValue == null)
        {
          if (newValue != null)
            FieldManager.LoadFieldData(propertyInfo, Utilities.CoerceValue<P>(typeof(F), oldValue, newValue));
        }
        else if (!(oldValue.Equals(newValue)))
        {
          FieldManager.LoadFieldData(propertyInfo, Utilities.CoerceValue<P>(typeof(F), oldValue, newValue));
        }
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
        throw new PropertyLoadException(string.Format(Properties.Resources.PropertyLoadException, propertyInfo.Name, ex.Message));
      }
    }
 
    void Core.IManageProperties.LoadProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, P newValue)
    {
      LoadProperty<P>(propertyInfo, newValue);
    }
 
    bool Core.IManageProperties.FieldExists(Core.IPropertyInfo property)
    {
      return FieldManager.FieldExists(property);
    }
 
    protected void LoadProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, P newValue)
    {
      try
      {
        P oldValue = default(P);
        var fieldData = FieldManager.GetFieldData(propertyInfo);
        if (fieldData == null)
        {
          oldValue = propertyInfo.DefaultValue;
          fieldData = FieldManager.LoadFieldData(propertyInfo, oldValue);
        }
        else
        {
          oldValue = (P)fieldData.Value;
        }
 
        if (oldValue == null)
        {
          if (newValue != null)
            FieldManager.LoadFieldData(propertyInfo, newValue);
        }
        else if (!(oldValue.Equals(newValue)))
        {
          FieldManager.LoadFieldData(propertyInfo, newValue);
        }
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
        throw new PropertyLoadException(string.Format(Properties.Resources.PropertyLoadException, propertyInfo.Name, ex.Message));
      }
    }
 
    protected virtual void LoadProperty(IPropertyInfo propertyInfo, object newValue)
    {
      var t = this.GetType();
      var flags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance;
      var method = t.GetMethods(flags).Where(c => c.Name == "LoadProperty" && c.IsGenericMethod).FirstOrDefault();
      var gm = method.MakeGenericMethod(propertyInfo.Type);
      var p = new object[] { propertyInfo, newValue };
      gm.Invoke(this, p);
    }
 
    //private AsyncLoadManager
    [NonSerialized]
    private AsyncLoadManager _loadManager;
    internal AsyncLoadManager LoadManager
    {
      get
      {
        if (_loadManager == null)
        {
          _loadManager = new AsyncLoadManager(this, OnPropertyChanged);
          _loadManager.BusyChanged += loadManager_BusyChanged;
          _loadManager.UnhandledAsyncException += loadManager_UnhandledAsyncException;
        }
        return _loadManager;
      }
    }
 
    void loadManager_UnhandledAsyncException(object sender, ErrorEventArgs e)
    {
      OnUnhandledAsyncException(e);
    }
 
    void loadManager_BusyChanged(object sender, BusyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
      OnBusyChanged(e);
    }
    /*
    //protected void LoadPropertyAsync<R>(PropertyInfo<R> property, AsyncFactoryDelegate<R> factory)
    //{
    //  LoadManager.BeginLoad(new AsyncLoader<R>(property, factory));
    //}
 
    //protected void LoadPropertyAsync<R, P>(PropertyInfo<R> property, AsyncFactoryDelegate<R, P> factory, P parameter)
    //{
    //  LoadManager.BeginLoad(new AsyncLoader<R>(property, factory, parameter));
    //}
    */
 
    protected void LoadPropertyAsync<R>(PropertyInfo<R> property, Task<R> factory)
    {
      LoadManager.BeginLoad(new TaskLoader<R>(property, factory));
    }
#endregion
 
#region  Field Manager
 
    [NotUndoable()]
    private FieldDataManager _fieldManager;
 
    protected FieldDataManager FieldManager
    {
      get
      {
        if (_fieldManager == null)
        {
          _fieldManager = new FieldDataManager(this.GetType());
        }
        return _fieldManager;
      }
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region IsBusy / IsIdle
 
    [NonSerialized]
    [NotUndoable]
    private bool _isBusy;
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected void MarkBusy()
    {
      if (_isBusy)
        throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.BusyObjectsMayNotBeMarkedBusy);
 
      _isBusy = true;
      OnBusyChanged(new BusyChangedEventArgs("", true));
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected void MarkIdle()
    {
      _isBusy = false;
      OnBusyChanged(new BusyChangedEventArgs("", false));
    }
 
    [Browsable(false)]
    [Display(AutoGenerateField = false)]
    [ScaffoldColumn(false)]
    public virtual bool IsBusy
    {
      get { return IsSelfBusy || (_fieldManager != null && FieldManager.IsBusy()); }
    }
 
    [Browsable(false)]
    [Display(AutoGenerateField = false)]
    [ScaffoldColumn(false)]
    public virtual bool IsSelfBusy
    {
      get { return _isBusy || LoadManager.IsLoading; }
    }
 
    void Child_PropertyBusy(object sender, BusyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
      OnBusyChanged(e);
    }
 
    [NotUndoable]
    [NonSerialized]
    private BusyChangedEventHandler _propertyBusy;
 
    public event BusyChangedEventHandler BusyChanged
    {
      add { _propertyBusy = (BusyChangedEventHandler)Delegate.Combine(_propertyBusy, value); }
      remove { _propertyBusy = (BusyChangedEventHandler)Delegate.Remove(_propertyBusy, value); }
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected void OnBusyChanged(string propertyName, bool busy)
    {
      OnBusyChanged(new BusyChangedEventArgs(propertyName, busy));
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void OnBusyChanged(BusyChangedEventArgs args)
    {
      if (_propertyBusy != null)
        _propertyBusy(this, args);
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region IDataPortalTarget Members
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.CheckRules()
    { }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.MarkAsChild()
    { }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.MarkNew()
    { }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.MarkOld()
    { }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.DataPortal_OnDataPortalInvoke(DataPortalEventArgs e)
    {
      this.DataPortal_OnDataPortalInvoke(e);
    }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.DataPortal_OnDataPortalInvokeComplete(DataPortalEventArgs e)
    {
      this.DataPortal_OnDataPortalInvokeComplete(e);
    }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.DataPortal_OnDataPortalException(DataPortalEventArgs e, Exception ex)
    {
      this.DataPortal_OnDataPortalException(e, ex);
    }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.Child_OnDataPortalInvoke(DataPortalEventArgs e)
    {
      this.Child_OnDataPortalInvoke(e);
    }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.Child_OnDataPortalInvokeComplete(DataPortalEventArgs e)
    {
      this.Child_OnDataPortalInvokeComplete(e);
    }
 
    void Csla.Server.IDataPortalTarget.Child_OnDataPortalException(DataPortalEventArgs e, Exception ex)
    {
      this.Child_OnDataPortalException(e, ex);
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region IManageProperties Members
 
    bool IManageProperties.HasManagedProperties
    {
      get { return (_fieldManager != null && _fieldManager.HasFields); }
    }
 
    List<IPropertyInfo> IManageProperties.GetManagedProperties()
    {
      return FieldManager.GetRegisteredProperties();
    }
 
    object IManageProperties.GetProperty(IPropertyInfo propertyInfo)
    {
      return GetProperty(propertyInfo);
    }
 
    object IManageProperties.LazyGetProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, Func<P> valueGenerator)
    {
      return LazyGetProperty(propertyInfo, valueGenerator);
    }
 
    object IManageProperties.LazyGetPropertyAsync<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo, Task<P> factory)
    {
      return LazyGetPropertyAsync(propertyInfo, factory);
    }
 
    object IManageProperties.ReadProperty(IPropertyInfo propertyInfo)
    {
      return ReadProperty(propertyInfo);
    }
 
    P IManageProperties.ReadProperty<P>(PropertyInfo<P> propertyInfo)
    {
      return ReadProperty<P>(propertyInfo);
    }
 
    void IManageProperties.SetProperty(IPropertyInfo propertyInfo, object newValue)
    {
      throw new NotImplementedException("IManageProperties.SetProperty");
    }
 
    void IManageProperties.LoadProperty(IPropertyInfo propertyInfo, object newValue)
    {
      LoadProperty(propertyInfo, newValue);
    }
 
    bool IManageProperties.LoadPropertyMarkDirty(IPropertyInfo propertyInfo, object newValue)
    {
      LoadProperty(propertyInfo, newValue);
      return false;
    }
 
    List<object> IManageProperties.GetChildren()
    {
      return FieldManager.GetChildren();
    }
#endregion
 
#region MobileFormatter
 
    protected override void OnGetChildren(
      Csla.Serialization.Mobile.SerializationInfo info, Csla.Serialization.Mobile.MobileFormatter formatter)
    {
      base.OnGetChildren(info, formatter);
      if (_fieldManager != null)
      {
        var fieldManagerInfo = formatter.SerializeObject(_fieldManager);
        info.AddChild("_fieldManager", fieldManagerInfo.ReferenceId);
      }
    }
 
    protected override void OnSetChildren(Csla.Serialization.Mobile.SerializationInfo info, Csla.Serialization.Mobile.MobileFormatter formatter)
    {
      if (info.Children.ContainsKey("_fieldManager"))
      {
        var childData = info.Children["_fieldManager"];
        _fieldManager = (FieldDataManager)formatter.GetObject(childData.ReferenceId);
      }
      base.OnSetChildren(info, formatter);
    }
 
#endregion
 
#region INotifyUnhandledAsyncException Members
 
    [NotUndoable]
    [NonSerialized]
    private EventHandler<ErrorEventArgs> _unhandledAsyncException;
 
    public event EventHandler<ErrorEventArgs> UnhandledAsyncException
    {
      add { _unhandledAsyncException = (EventHandler<ErrorEventArgs>)Delegate.Combine(_unhandledAsyncException, value); }
      remove { _unhandledAsyncException = (EventHandler<ErrorEventArgs>)Delegate.Remove(_unhandledAsyncException, value); }
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected virtual void OnUnhandledAsyncException(ErrorEventArgs error)
    {
      if (_unhandledAsyncException != null)
        _unhandledAsyncException(this, error);
    }
 
    [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
    protected void OnUnhandledAsyncException(object originalSender, Exception error)
    {
      OnUnhandledAsyncException(new ErrorEventArgs(originalSender, error));
    }
 
#endregion
  }
}